Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Kwezinhlelo Zokupholisa Ezivaliwe-ze-Loop
Jun 30, 2026
Shiya umlayezo
Isistimu yokupholisa iluphu-evaliwe iqukethe amasekhethi amanzi amabili azimele: isekhethi yenqubo yangaphakathi evalekile kanye nesekhethi yangaphandle yesifutho. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokulahlekelwa kwamasekethe amabili kuhlukaniswe ngokuphelele.
Ingqikithi yesidingo samanzi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: isistimu emile ephethe umthamo wamanzi kanye namanzi ezimonyo ukuze asebenze nsuku zonke. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemibhoshongo yokupholisa evulekile evamile, iletha amanzi avelele{1}}okonga ukusebenza futhi isebenza njengesixazululo sokupholisa esivamile samandla amasha, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa okunembayo nezikhungo zedatha.
I. Ivolumu Yamanzi Abambe Aqinile (-Ivolumu Yokugcwalisa Isikhathi Eyodwa)
Umthamo wamanzi amile ubhekisela esilinganisweni samanzi okufanele agcwaliswe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kokuqala noma ukugeleza okugcwele ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu, okuhlanganiswe ngamanzi acutshungulwayo angaphakathi namanzi afutha angaphandle.
Amanzi Okujikeleza Kwenqubo Yangaphakathi Evaliwe
Lo mjikelezo uvalelwe ngokugcwele phakathi kwamakhoyili, amapayipi, izishintshisi zokushisa kanye namathangi amanzi ayisivikelo ngaphandle kokuchayeka emoyeni, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwamanzi emvelo angenamsebenzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ifomula yokubala:Ivolumu Yamanzi Yenqubo=Ivolumu Yepayipi + Ivolumu Yekhoyili + Ivolumu Yethangi Yesivikelo Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kwemboni, ivolumu yokubamba emile ifinyelela cishe ku-8-12 m³ nge-100 m³/h yokugeleza kokujikeleza kwenqubo. Amayunithi amancane anokugeleza okungaphansi kwama-50 m³/h abamba u-3–6 m³ wamanzi.
Amasistimu amakhulu avaliwe{0}}okugcina amandla kanye nezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezinokugeleza okudlula u-1,000 m³/h adinga kufika kumakhulu ama-cubic metres{3}}ukugcwalisa{3}}isikhathi esisodwa. Amanzi athambile, amanzi ahlanzekile noma i-ethylene glycol aqueous solution avame ukwamukelwa njengendawo ejikelezayo. Amanani amancane kuphela aphakathi nendawo adinga ukwengezwa ukuze kuvuze ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala, futhi{6}}ukushintshwa okuphakathi nendawo okukhulu akudingekile unyaka wonke.
Amanzi Omjikelezo Wangaphandle Wesifutho
Fafaza amanzi ageleza phezu kwangaphandle kwamakhoyili avaliwe ukuze ashintshe ukushisa okuhwamukayo futhi agcinwe emanzini angaphansi kombhoshongo wokupholisa. Umthamo wayo omile ubala kuphela u-20%–50% wokugeleza kokujikeleza kwenqubo. Thatha isistimu yokupholisa engu-500 m³/h evaliwe{5}}yenqubo yeluphu njengesibonelo: ukugeleza kokujikeleza kwesifutho kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-250 m³/h, kuyilapho amanzi okubamba amile ku-sump angama-5–15 m³ nje, angaphansi kakhulu kwamakhulu ama-cubic metres agcinwe esitsheni samanzi semibhoshongo yokupholisa evulekile efanayo.
Isamba-sevolumu yokugcwalisa yesikhathi esisodwa sesistimu evaliwe{1}}yeluphu ephelele ingu-30%–50% kuphela waleyo yesistimu evulekile enamandla afanayo okukhipha ukushisa, okunqanda kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kokuqala.
II. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimonyo Zamanzi Ekusebenzeni Kwansuku zonke (Umthombo Oyinhloko Wokulahleka Kwamanzi Okuqhubekayo)
Ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kwansuku zonke kwamasistimu avaliwe{0}}e-loop kwenzeka kuphela kwisekethe yesifutho sangaphandle, kuyilapho ukulahleka kokujikeleza kwangaphakathi kungase kunganakwa. Isamba somthamo wamanzi wezimonyo sihlanganisa ukulahleka kokuhwamuka, ukulahleka kokukhukhuleka kanye nokulahleka kwe-blowdown.Ifomula Ejwayelekile: Ivolumu Yamanzi Ye-Makeup Yangehora=Ukulahleka Kwe-Evaporation + Ukulahleka Kwe-Drift + Ukulahleka Kwe-Blowdown
Ukulahleka Kokuhwamuka (70%–80% yokulahlekelwa okuphelele, umthengi wamanzi oyinhloko)
Ukushisa kukhishwa ngokuhwamuka kwamanzi okufuthwa, futhi umehluko wokushisa unquma ngokuqondile umthamo wokuhwamuka. Izinga le-Industrial empirical: lapho umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamanzi okufaka ne-outlet spray angama-degree angu-5, ukulahlekelwa kokuhwamuka kulingana no-0.54% wokugeleza okuphelele kokugeleza kwesifutho.Ifomula Yekubala Enembile: WE=Δt×L×4.1868÷2520 Lapho Δt=umehluko wezinga lokushisa lamanzi okufuthwa;
L=izinga lokugeleza kwesifutho ngehora. Isibonelo, ngokugeleza kokufuthwa okungu-200 m³/h kanye nomehluko wezinga lokushisa elingu-5 degree, ukulahlekelwa kokuhwamuka kwehora kufinyelela cishe ku-1.08 m³.
Ehlobo elishisayo elinokushisa kwe-bulb-okukhuphukayo, ukulahleka kokuhwamuka kwenyuka kancane kuye ku-0.6%–0.8% wokugeleza kwesifutho.
Ukulahleka Kwe-Drift
Izinqamuli zamanzi{0}ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zibamba inkungu yamanzi, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwe-drift ephansi kakhulu-kumasistimu e-loop avaliwe, u-0.001%–0.1% kuphela womthamo wamanzi esifutho. Imishini ye-Premium ingalawula ukulahleka kokukhukhuleka ngaphansi kuka-0.05%, idale cishe kungabikho mthwalo wamanzi, ophakeme kakhulu kunemibhoshongo evulekile ngokulahleka kokukhukhuleka okungu-2%–3%.
I-Blowdown Dilution Loss
Usawoti unqwabelana emanzini afuthwayo ngemva-kokuhwamuka kwesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukwehla okujwayelekile kuyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe imijikelezo yokugxilisa ingqondo, ngemijikelezo yokugxilisa ingqondo evamile esukela ku-3 ukuya ku-5.
Ifomula Yokubala: Ivolumu Ye-Blowdown=I-Evaporation Loss ÷ (I-Concentration Cycle − 1) Ivaliwe{2}}ama-loop systems afaka umthamo omncane wesisekelo samanzi esifutho, okuholela ku-blowdown frequency kanye nevolumu yokukhipha okulinganiselwe. Amasistimu anokulawulwa okuqinile kwekhwalithi yamanzi anganweba izikhawu zokukhuphuka futhi anciphise isidingo samanzi sezimonyo.
Ukuhlanganisa zontathu izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, isamba samanzi e-makeup wehora -amasistimu avaliwe enza kuphela u-0.5%–1.5% wokugeleza kokujikeleza kwesifutho. Iguqulelwe ekugelezeni kokujikeleza kwenqubo eyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi sekukonke kungu-10%–20% nje wemibhoshongo yokupholisa evulekile enemininingwane elinganayo.
Ukuqhathanisa okusekelwe kusistimu yokupholisa yenqubo engu-500 m³/h evaliwe{1}}ye-loop: imibhoshongo evulekile idinga amanzi e-makeup angu-10–15 ngehora, kuyilapho amasistimu e-loop avaliwe asebenzisa kuphela u-0.5–1.5 m³ ngehora. Ngamahora angu-20{12}okusebenza okuqhubekayo kwansuku zonke, amathani angaphezu kuka-170 amanzi angongiwa, okulingana namathani angaphezu kuka-50,000 okonga amanzi ngonyaka, okunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ingcindezi ye-quota yamanzi ezindaweni ezingenamanzi.
III. Okuguquguqukayo Okubalulekile Okuthinta Ukuvalwa Okuvaliwe{1}}Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Kwesistimu Ye-Loop
Ukushisa nokushisa kwe-ambient-bulb lokushisa: ukulahleka kokuhwamuka kwenyuka ngo-20%–30% ngaphansi kwezimo zasehlobo ezishisayo nezinomswakama. Ebusika-ubusika obunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, imodi yokupholisa okomile ingavulwa ngokuvala isifutho ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezimonyo ezingeziro.
Isakhiwo sezisetshenziswa: amakhoyili anezikhala ezibanzi kanye{0}}nezinqamuli zamanzi zokuminyana okuphezulu zinciphisa ukukhukhuleka, kuyilapho{1}}ama-sump amakhulu anciphisa ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwezimonyo.
Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi: ukwamukela amanzi athambekile afuthwayo kuphakamisa imijikelezo yokugxilisa ingqondo futhi kwehlisa imfucuza yamanzi{0}ehlobene.
Ukuqina kwesistimu: ukuvuza kwamapayipi omjikelezo wangaphakathi namavalvu kukhulisa kancane ivolumu yokwakheka kwamanzi. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungakhawulela ukulahleka kokuvuza ngaphansi kuka-0.05%.
IV. Izimo Ezisebenzayo Zokusebenzisa Amanzi Kuzicelo Zezimboni
800 m³/h evaliwe{1}}isistimu yokupholisa iluphu yezikhungo zedatha nokugcinwa kwamandla: isamba sevolumu yokugcwalisa okumile cishe ku-90 m³; amanzi ezimonyo ngehora angu-1.2–1.8 m³ ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lasehlobo, amanzi e-makeup ayiziro kwimodi yokupholisa eyomile yasebusika.
400 m³/h evaliwe-iyunithi ye-loop yokupholisa i-chemicallization crystallization: ivolumu yokugcwalisa emile engu-45 m³, isilinganiso samanzi ezimonyo ngehora angu-0.6–1.0 m³ unyaka wonke.
Phakathi-nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, amasistimu okupholisa amaluphu avaliwe{1}}aletha amanzi akabili{2}}ukufaneleka okonga: ivolumu yokugcwalisa-yesikhathi esisodwa esiphansi kanye nesidingo esincane esiqhubekayo samanzi sezimonyo. Khonamanjalo, inqubo yangaphakathi yokuhamba kwamanzi amanzi ahlala ehlanzekile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintshwa njalo okuphakathi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nezindleko zokuhlanza amanzi emthonjeni, kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zokongiwa kwamanzi ezimbonini kanye nokunciphisa intuthu.
Thumela ukuPhenya