Izinhlobo Ezimbili Zokucushwa Eziyinhloko Zemibhoshongo Yokupholisa

Imibhoshongo yokupholisa iyimishini eyisisekelo yokukhipha ukushisa ehwamukayo esetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yokugcina amandla amasha, ikhemisi lamakhemikhali, izikhungo zedatha, ukukhiqiza imishini nezimboni zikagesi.

 

Ngokwemodi yokuhlukanisa yesakhiwo se-circulating cooling medium,Ukupholisa imibhoshongozihlukaniswe zaba ukucushwa okuyisisekelo okubili: umbhoshongo wokupholisa ovulekile nombhoshongo wokupholisa ovaliwe.

 

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihluke kakhulu ngesakhiwo sokujikeleza okumaphakathi, indlela yokushintshanisa ukushisa, izimo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo kanye-nezindleko zokusebenza ezigcwele zomjikelezo, ngayinye inezimo zohlelo lokusebenza oluqondiwe kanye nezinzuzo ezihlukile zokusebenza. Ukuqonda ngokucacile izici zabo zokucushwa kuyisisekelo sokukhetha okunembile konjiniyela.

 

 

 

Ukulungiselelwa kokuqala okujwayelekile umbhoshongo wokupholisa ovulekile, owaziwa nangokuthi-umbhoshongo wokupholisa wesifunda ovulekile, ifomu lokuqala nelisetshenziswa kakhulu eliyisisekelo lokupholisa. Isici sayo sesakhiwo esiyinhloko sitholakala ku-loop evuleke ngokugcwele yendawo yokupholisa.

 

Inqubo yokukhiqiza amanzi ageleza ngokuqondile ngaphakathi kombhoshongo futhi axhumane ngokugcwele nomoya wasemkhathini ebusweni be-PVC noma i-PP yokupakisha. Amanzi ajikelezayo enza ifilimu yamanzi phezu kwesendlalelo sokupakisha; fi-orced air convection yenziweabalandeli abaphezulu kusheshisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, futhi ukuhwamuka kokushisa okucashile kususa ukushisa okulahlwayo kwenqubo ukuze kubonakale ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa.

 

Ukucushwa kukonke kuhlanganisa amapayipi okusabalalisa amanzi, izendlalelo zokushintsha ukushisa kokugcwalisa, usinki wokuqoqa amanzi, ifeni ye-axial flow, iphampu yamanzi kanye nepayipi lokugcwalisa amanzi, elinokwakheka okulula kanye nezindleko zokuthenga{0}}zesikhathi esisodwa.

 

Ngokuya nezici zokusebenza, imibhoshongo yokupholisa evulekile inezinzuzo ezivelele-zesikhathi esifushane zokushintsha ukushisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile, eziphansi{1}}ezinothuli nezimo ezihlala njalo.

 

Ukupakisha kunendawo enkulu yokushintshanisa ukushisa ethile, futhi okuphakathi kuthintana ngqo nomoya ngaphandle kokumelana nekhoyili yokudlulisa ukushisa okuphakathi.

 

Lapho okokusebenza kusanda kusetshenziswa futhi ukupakishwa kuhlanzekile, ukusebenza kahle kokushintshisana kokushisa kuphezulu, futhi izindleko zokutshala umthamo weyunithi wokupholisa ziphansi kunazo zonke phakathi kwayo yonke imikhiqizo yesakhiwo sokupholisa.

 

Ilungele izimo ezijwayelekile zezimboni ezinezidingo eziphansi zekhwalithi yamanzi, njengesiphephetha-moya esakhiweni esijwayelekile, ukubumba komjovo wemishini emincane kanye nokujikeleza okulula kokupholisa umphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukucushwa okuvulekile kunokukhubazeka kwesakhiwo. Amanzi acutshungulwayo avezwa ngokuphelele emoyeni wangaphandle, ngakho uthuli, izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zezimboni, ulwelwe namagciwane asemoyeni angena ngokuqhubekayo epayipini elijikelezayo.

 

 

 

Phakathi nenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu yokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ukukala, ukunqwabelana kodaka kanye nokuvinjwa kokupakisha kuzokwenzeka, okuholela ekwehleni okungama-20% -40% ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha ukushisa. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuvalwa njalo ukuze kuhlanzwe ukupakishwa, ukwehliswa kwamapayipi kanye nokwelashwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, okuletha izindleko ezifihliwe zokulahlekelwa kokumiswa kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kokuhlanza amanzi. Ukwengeza, imibhoshongo evulekile ilahlekelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokukhukhuleka komoya, izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi lifika ku-1%–3% nsuku zonke, futhi ukulwa -neqhwa kwasebusika kudinga{7}}ukugeleza okukhulu kwamanzi ajikelezayo, angenabungane emanzini{8}}antula izindawo.

 

Ukucushwa kwesibili okuyinhloko umbhoshongo wokupholisa ovaliwe, noma{0}}umbhoshongo wokupholisa iluphu ovaliwe, ukulungiselelwa okuphezulu{1}}okuthuthukisiwe okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuxazululwe izindawo zobuhlungu zemibhoshongo evulekile njengokungcoliswa kwemvelo okumaphakathi kanye nokuchithwa kokushisa okungazinzile.

 

Umnyombo wokucushwa kwawo ukuhlukanisa indlela yangaphakathi yokujikeleza kanye nesifutho sangaphandle sokupholisa amanzi ngamakhoyili okushintshana okushisa ensimbi avaleke ngokugcwele, enze amaluphu amabili azimele angahlangene{0}ajikelezayo.

 

Iluphu yangaphakathi evaliwe ithutha amanzi enqubo ahlanzekile, i-antifreeze noma isipholile esikhethekile, esigeleza kuphela ngaphakathi kwamakhoyili ensimbi engagqwali futhi angalokothi axhumane nomoya wangaphandle; iluphu eyinsiza evulekile yangaphandle ifafaza amanzi ngokulinganayo odongeni olungaphandle lwamakhoyili ukwenza ifilimu yamanzi emincane, futhi ifeni ishayela ukugeleza komoya ukuqedela ukushintshana kokushisa okuhwamukayo endaweni yekhoyili. Isethi ephelele yokucushwa ingeza amakhoyili okushintshanisa ukushisa avaliwe, amaphampu omjikelezo wangaphakathi azimele kanye nezingxenye zokuhlunga amanzi ezifutha ngesisekelo sohlaka oluyisisekelo lombhoshongo, ngokutshalwa kwempahla kokuqala okuphezulu kunemibhoshongo evulekile.

 

 

 

Ukucushwa okuvaliwe kwenza kahle konke ukushiyeka kwesakhiwo semibhoshongo evulekile. Njengoba i-process medium ihlukene ngokuphelele nomkhathi, uthuli, igesi egqwalayo kanye ne-algae ayikwazi ukungcolisa ipayipi lokujikeleza kwangaphakathi.

 

Indawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa ikhoyili ihlala izinzile isikhathi eside, futhi ukuncishiswa kokunciphisa ukushisa ngemva konyaka owodwa wokusebenzakulawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-5%, ukuqeda ukuhlanzwa okuvamise ukuvala shaqa kanye nomsebenzi wokwehlisa. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-wind drift yamanzi okufuthwa ngaphandle kombhoshongo kungaphansi kuka-0.3%, okusindisa kakhulu imithombo yamanzi.

 

Ebusika, i-antifreeze ingangezwa endaweni evalekile yangaphakathi, futhi amanzi angaphandle afuthwayo angathululwa noma afakwe izinto zokushisisa ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhwanda kwamapayipi nokuqhekeka, ukujwayelana nezindawo{0}}ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi elisenyakatho,{1}}izindawo ezisogwini ezinenkungu kasawoti ephezulu kanye{2}}namapaki amakhemikhali anokugqwala okuphezulu.

 

 

 

Okwezimboni zokukhiqiza ezinembayo ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium, ama-reagents ezokwelapha, isikhungo sedatha ukupholisa izinga lokushisa okungashintshi kanye nokucwebezela kwamakhemikhali ahlanzekile, anezindinganiso eziqinile zeukupholisa ukuhlanzeka okuphakathi, imibhoshongo yokupholisa evaliwe iyona kuphela ukukhetha okuthembekile kokucushwa.

 

Ububi bayo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kancane-kwamaphampu ajikelezayo kanye nenani eliphakeme-lokuthenga isikhathi esisodwa, kodwa imali elondoloziwe yokuhlanza amanzi, ukulahleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezindleko zokunakekela amapayipi phakathi neminyaka emibili kungavala umehluko wamanani ngemibhoshongo evulekile, okubonisa izinzuzo eziphelele zezomnotho eziphelele{2}kumaphrojekthi wokukhiqiza aqhubekayo wesikhathi eside.

 

 

 

Ukufingqa, umbhoshongo wokupholisa ovulekile nombhoshongo wokupholisa ovaliwe yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokucushwa kwemibhoshongo yokupholisa, ehlukaniswa ngokuthi ingabe i-process medium ixhumene nomoya ovulekile.

 

Uhlobo oluvulekile lunezindleko eziphansi zokuqala kanye nesakhiwo esilula-sezimo ezisezingeni eliphansi zekhwalithi yamanzi; uhlobo oluvaliwe luncike-ekuhlukaniseni amakhoyili eluphu kabili ukuze kutholakale ukushiswa kokushisa okuzinzile, ukuvikeleka okumaphakathi nokunakekelwa okuphansi, okufanayo{2}}okunemba okuphezulu, indawo enzima kanye{3}}namaphrojekthi okukhiqiza omjikelezo omude.

 

Abaklami bonjiniyela kudingeka bakhethe ukumiswa kombhoshongo ofanayo ngokuya-ngokugxiliswa kothuli lwesayithi, izimfuneko zokuhlanzeka okumaphakathi, isikhathi sokusebenza saminyaka yonke nezimo zemithombo yamanzi yendawo ukuze kulinganiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kanye{1}}nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside.