Umthelela Wezinga Lokushisa Lamanzi Okupholisa Ku-Crystal Pulling/Extrusion Molding Processes

 

Izinga lokushisa elingu-C liyipharamitha yenqubo ebalulekile kukho kokubili ukudonsa kwekristalu nokubunjwa kwe-extrusion, enquma ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, nokuzinza kwemishini. Umthelela wayo uhlanganisa yonke inqubo, ngokuthinta okuphawulekayo emiphumeleni yamazinga okushisa ahlukene, okudinga ukulawula okunembayo okuhambisana nezidingo eziyinhloko zenqubo. Okulandelayo imininingwane yemithelela ethile yokushisa kwamanzi okupholisa kulezi zinqubo ezimbili, kuchaza izindawo zokulawula kumongo wezimo zangempela zokukhiqiza.

 

 

I. Umthelela Wezinga Lokushisa Lamanzi Okupholisa Kunqubo Yokudonsa I-Crystal

 

Umnyombo wenqubo yokudonsa i-crystal (okuhlanganisa ukukhula kwe-singlestal kanye ne-polycrystalline) ukufeza ukukhula okuhlelekile kwamakristalu ukusuka ekuncibilikeni kuya esimweni esiqinile ngokulawula okunembile kwensimu eshisayo. I-prima yezinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa isebenza kusistimu yokupholisa yesithando somlilo, ilawula ngokungaqondile izinga lokushisa endaweni eqinile-esixhumi esibonakalayo esiwuketshezi, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte ikhwalithi yekristalu nokusebenza kahle kokukhula.

 

Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu, amandla okukhipha ukushisa kwe-coolystem awanele, okuholela emazingeni okushisa aphakeme nangazinzile ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isixhumi esibonakalayo esiqinile-siya phezulu futhi siba umqansa, di ukukhula okuhlelekile kwekristalu. Lokhu kukhiqiza kalula iziphambeko ezifana nokugudluzwa, ukushelela, nemingcele yokusanhlamvu, kubhebhethekisa ukuhlukaniswa kokungcola, futhi kunciphisa ubumsulwa bekristalu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kuwo wonke amacala, kungabangela ukuqhekeka kwekristalu nokuphazamiseka kokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushisa okusele okuvela endaweni eshisayo akukwazi ukuchithwa ngesikhathi, ukwandisa umjikelezo wokukhula kwekristalu nokusebenza kahle kwe-reducinn, kuyilapho kusheshisa ukuguga kwezingxenye zesithando somlilo kanye nokunciphisa impilo yesevisi yemishini.

 

 

 

 

Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kakhulu, kuholela ekupholiseni okudlulele, okubangela izinga lokushisa lendawo eshisayo yehle ngokushesha nokudala i-gradient enkulu ngokwedlulele kusixhumi esibonakalayo esiqinile-esiwuketshezi. Lokhu kuphumela emazingeni okukhula kwekristalu angalingani, athambekele ezindabeni ezifana nokuguquguquka kobubanzi nama-saces anzima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucindezeleka okushisayo ngokweqile kukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwekristalu, okwenza kube lula ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula okulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu amanzi angabangela ukufingqa noma ukuqhwanda kwamakhola, kuvimbe imigqa, kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yokupholisa, futhi kulimaze nesakhiwo sokuvala isithando somlilo.

 

 

Emkhiqizweni wangempela, izinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa lokudonsa ikristalu kufanele limiswe ngokunemba ngokusekelwe ezintweni zekristalu (njenge-silicon, i-germanium, isafire) kanye nemingcele yenqubo yokukhula. Ivamise ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-20-35℃, igcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi elizinzile ukuze kugwenywe ukushintshashintsha okukhulu, ukuqinisekisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esiyisicaba esiqinile{3}}nenkundla yokushisa eqinile, ngaleyo ndlela ithola amakristalu ekhwalithi ephezulu.

 

 

II. Umthelela Wezinga Lokushisa Lamanzi Okupholisa Kunqubo Ye-Extrusion Moldg

 

 

Ekubumbeni i-extrusion (isebenza ezintweni eziphakeme zamangqamuzana njengamapulasitiki namarabha), izinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa lisebenza ngokuqondile ekuncibilikeni ngemva kokukhishwa, kuthinte ukubunjwa komkhiqizo, ukunemba kwe-dimensioal, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Ukuqonda kokulawula kwayo kunquma ngokuqondile izinga lokuphasa komkhiqizo wokugcina.

 

 

Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokupholisa lihamba kancane kakhulu, isikhathi sokubunjwa se-extmelt. Lokhu kuholela kalula ekuncipheni komkhiqizo okungalingani, ukuchezuka kobukhulu obudlulele, kanye nokukhubazeka okufana nezimpawu zokucwilisa phezulu kanye nama-ripples. Ezintweni ezizwelayo-ezizwelayo (i-sucas PVC, PE), amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu amanzi angabangela ukuthamba kwesibili, okuholela ezinkingeni zokunamathela nokonakala, kuyilapho kunwetshwa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukwengeza, ukupholisa okunganele kuvimbela ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ukuthi kukhululwe ngokugcwele, okwenza umkhiqizo uthambekele ekubhidlikeni nasekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.

 

 

 

 

Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kakhulu, izinga lokupholisa liyashesha kakhulu, okwenza indawo encibilikayo iqine ngokushesha kuyilapho ingaphakathi liphinda lincibilika. Lokhu kubangela kalula umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi komkhiqizo kanye nezindaba ezinjengokuqhekeka kanye ne-embrittlement. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukupholisa ngokushesha kunciphisa isicwebezelisi esingaphezulu somkhiqizo, kubangele ukubukeka kwamaphutha njengokubhoboza nokuklwebheka; emikhiqizweni emincane-ebiyelwe ngezindonga, kungase futhi kuholele ekubunjweni okungaphelele kanye nokudlulela emaphethelweni nasemakhoneni.

 

 

Izinto ezihlukene ze-extrusion zinezidingo ezahlukene zokushisa kwamanzi okupholisa. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lamanzi le-PVC extrusion eqinile ngokuvamile lilawulwa yi-bween engu-15-25 degree, i-PVC ethambile ku-25-30 degree, kanye ne-polyethylene ne-polypropylene ku-20-30 degree. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingalungiswa kalula ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezibonakalayo, ubukhulu bomkhiqizo, kanye nokuma, kuyilapho kugcinwa izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanayo ukuze kugwenywe ukukhubazeka komkhiqizo okubangelwa ukupholisa kwendawo okungalingani.

 

 

 

 

Kafushane, umthelela wokupholisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi kukho kokubili ukudonsa ngekristalu nezinqubo zokubumba ze-extrusion uzungeza "ukulawulwa kwe-gradient yezinga lokushisa" kanye "nokwakheka komkhiqizo/ukusimama kokukhula." Kokubili amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu naphansi amanzi azoholela ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuncipha kokukhiqiza kahle. Emkhiqizweni wangempela, kuyadingeka ukusetha ibanga lokushisa lamanzi elinengqondo elisekelwe ezidingweni zenqubo kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo, futhi kuhlonyiswe ngesistimu enembile yokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenqubo nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphumelela lomkhiqizo nezinzuzo zokukhiqiza.