Kufanele Ihlanzwe Kangaki Izinqaba Zokupholisa?

Alikho izinga elinqunyiwe elihlanganisiwe lemijikelezo yokuhlanza imibhoshongo yokupholisa, enqunywa ngokuyinhloko izici ezinhlanu ezibalulekile: uhlobo lwemishini, isimo sohlelo lokusebenza, indawo ezungezile, ikhwalithi yamanzi nomthwalo wokusebenza. Umsebenzi wokuhlanza uwela ezinhlotsheni ezintathu: ukuhlanza okulula kwansuku zonke, ukukhuculula indawo ngekota kanye nokuhlanza okujulile konyaka okugcwele kokuhlakazeka.

 

Imijikelezo yokuhlanza ejwayelekile ingagcina ukusebenza kahle kokushintshaniswa kokushisa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, inqande ukukhula kwe-legionella nolwelwe, futhi ihambisane nenhlanzeko kazwelonke kanye nemithethonqubo yamanzi ajikelezayo. Okulandelayo kuchaza ngokucacile amafrikhwensi okuhlanza ngohlobo lwemishini nezimo zokusebenza.

 

 

 

Okokuqala, imibhoshongo yokupholisa evulekile iyahlaziywa. Amanzi abo okufutha athintana ngqo nomoya, ngakho-ke uthuli, impova, amabala kawoyela kanye nama-microorganisms angcolisa kalula amanzi, okuholela ekungcoleni okushesha kakhulu kanye nemvamisa yokuhlanza ephezulu kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana nezinga likazwelonkeUkucaciswa Kwenhlanzeko Yezinhlelo Zokuphefumula Zomoya Emaphakathi Ezindaweni Zomphakathi,imibhoshongo evulekile yokupholisa umoya yezohwebo emaphakathi kufanele ihlanzwe ngokujulile okungenani kanye ngonyaka, okuyisidingo esincane sokuthobela umthetho.

 

Ezindaweni eziphansi-zokungcola njengezakhiwo zamahhovisi, izinxanxathela zezitolo namahhotela, ukugezwa kwamanzi kuyanconywa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze kukhishwe udaka ezitsheni zokuqoqa amanzi, kuvule imibhobho yesifutho evinjiwe futhi kugezwe ulwelwe ezindaweni ezipakishiwe.

 

Kanye ngonyaka, umbhoshongo uzovalwa ukuze uhlakazwe ngokugcwele, ukuncipha kwe-asidi nokuvala inzalo sekukonke. Uma umbhoshongo usezindaweni zezimboni, izindawo zezimayini, izindawo ezifuthwa ngosawoti ogwini noma imigwaqo enobhuqu, uthuli oluningi oluphuma emoyeni kanye nezinhlayiya ezigqwalayo zivala kalula ukupakishwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imijikelezo yokuhlanza indawo izofushaniswa ukuze ibe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, kuncishiswe ukujula nokubulala amagciwane njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

 

Imibhoshongo yokupholisa evulekile esebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngezinjongo zezimboni ibhekana nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima. Imigqa yokukhiqiza yobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, ukucutshungulwa kwemishini kanye ne-metallurgy isebenza ngo-24/7, futhi amanzi ajikelezayo ajwayele ukuhlangana nezinsalela zensimbi namafutha okusika. I-calcium ne-magnesium ions egxilile emanzini isheshisa ukukala.

 

Izinga elijwayelekile lemboni lidinga ukuhlanzwa kwendawo njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kanye nokuhlanzwa okujulile kokuhlakazwa okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Ngaphansi kwezimo-ezinomthwalo omkhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu{2}eliphezulu, isistimu yokusabalalisa amanzi kanye nodaka lwesitsha kungahlanzwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili.

 

Izibhedlela, amafekthri ezenza imithi kanye nezikhungo zedatha yizindawo ezinezingozi eziphakeme zenhlanzeko kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokulawula amagciwane.

 

Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lamanzi kuzokwenziwa nyanga zonke, futhi ukuhlanzwa okuphelele nokubulala amagciwane kwenziwe njalo ngekota ukuze kumiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-legionella nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemvelo.

 

 

Imibhoshongo yokupholisa evaliwe ihlanganisa imidiya ezungezayo evalwe ngokugcwele. I-Ethylene glycol noma amanzi ahlanzekile ngaphakathi kwamakhoyili okushintshanisa ukushisa awaxhumani nomoya ongaphandle, kunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola, ukwandisa imijikelezo yokuhlanza nokwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa. Isistimu yokufutha yangaphandle kanye nokupakisha kuvezwa emkhathini; ukushaywa kwamanzi kanye ngonyaka kuyelulekwa ukuthi kukhishwe uthuli olunamathiselwe. Amakhoyili okushintshanisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi adinga kuphela ukuqaqa nokwehliswa kwamakhemikhali njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.

 

Emafekthri anothuli olunzima noma izindawo ezisogwini ezichayeka esifuthozweni sikasawoti esindayo, ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kungagudluzwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ukuhlanzwa kwe-asidi njalo kwamakhoyili angaphakathi akudingekile; ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi okujwayelekile kanye nama-supplementary corrosion inhibitors kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlanza, sifanele{1}}izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokukhiqiza ezingami.

 

 

Ngaphandle kwemijikelezo ehleliwe, ukuhlanza okulula okujwayelekile kufanele kusetshenziswe njalo njengesengezo ekuhlanzeni okujulile. Isisefo sokungena kwamanzi sayo yonke imibhoshongo yokupholisa kufanele sihlanzwe masonto onke ukuze kunqandwe amaqabunga awile kanye nemfucumfucu yepulasitiki.

 

Imibhobho yezifutho nezinqamuli zamanzi kufanele zihlolwe nyanga zonke ukuze kususwe ukuvimbeka okuncane. Ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke kokuguguleka kwamanzi kanye nenani le-pH kuvumela ukuthakwa okuhlosiwe kwama-algaecides nama-scale inhibitors, kunciphisa ukunqwabelana kokungcola emthonjeni kanye nokwelula izikhawu phakathi kokuhlanza okujulile okugcwele.

 

 

Ama-microorganisms aphindaphindeka ngokuphindwe kabili ngokushesha ehlobo elishisayo, edinga ukwanda kwemvamisa yomthamo wamakhemikhali kanye nemijikelezo emifushane yokuhlanza indawo. Amazinga okushisa aphansi asebusika anciphisa ukusebenza kwebhaktheriya nolwelwe, ngakho-ke izikhawu zokushaywa kwamanzi zinganwetshwa ngokulingene. Kodwa-ke, wonke amanzi asele kufanele akhishwe futhi kuqedwe ukubulawa kwamagciwane okuphelele ngaphambi kokuvala ubusika.

 

 

Ukuvalwa nokuhlanza ngokushesha kuyimpoqo uma kuvela lezi zimpawu ezingavamile, ngaphandle kokulinda imijikelezo ehleliwe: izinga lokushisa lamanzi lendawo yokupholisa lenyuka ngaphezu kwamadigri angu-3 ngaphezu kwevelu yokuklama, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kwehla ngokuphawulekayo ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo wabalandeli; i-algae eluhlaza kanye ne-black biological slime ibonakala ezitsheni kanye nokupakisha; amanzi aphenduka adube nephunga elishubile; ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwephampu kukhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-10%, futhi amapayipi nezishintshisi zokushisa zivaleka njalo.Njalo ukwanda okungu-0.1 mm kogqinsi lokungcola kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshanisa ukushisa ngo-5% kuya ku-8%. Ukuhlanza okubambezelekile kusheshisa ukupakisha ukuguga kanye nokugqwala kwamagobolondo, kufinyeza impilo yesevisi yemishini kakhulu futhi kuletha izingozi ezifihliwe zokusabalala kwamagciwane.

 

Amabhizinisi amaningi anombono oyiphutha ekusebenzeni nasekulungiseni ukuthi amakhemikhali okuhlanza amanzi angaqeda isidingo-sokuhlanza isikhathi eside. Amakhemikhali enza ukukala kancane futhi avimbele amagciwane, kodwa awakwazi ukususa udaka olunqwabelene, i-limescale eqinile kanye ne-slime endala.

 

Umthamo-wamakhemikhali wesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuhlanza kubangela ukugoqa kokupakisha kanye nokuminyana kwesistimu yokusabalalisa amanzi, ekugcineni kubangele ukuvalwa kokushisisa ngokweqile kwezinto zokusebenza eziyinhloko kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokukhiqiza.

 

Ukusebenza nokulungiswa kwesayensi kusebenzisa imodeli ehlanganisiwe "yokuhlola kwansuku zonke + ukugungiswa komhlaba ngekota + nokuhlanza okujulile konyaka", nemijikelezo elungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe{2}}ezindaweni zesayithi.

 

 

Kafushane, imijikelezo yokuhlanza ihlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: imibhoshongo evulekile yezentengiselwano ithola ukuhlanzwa kwendawo njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nokuhlanza okujulile minyaka yonke, ngokuhlanza indawo engaphezulu kufinyezwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ezindaweni ezinothuli; imibhoshongo evulekile yezimboni ihlanzwa ngokugcwele njalo ngekota, futhi{0}}izindawo zenhlanzeko eziphezulu zibulala amagciwane ngekota ngayinye.

 

Imibhoshongo evaliwe inokukhishwa kwangaphandle kanye ngonyaka futhi ikhoyili yangaphakathi iyehla njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ukuhlanza izihlungi zamasonto onke nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kwanyanga zonke kubalulekile. Amashejuli okuhlanza azolungiswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngekhwalithi yamanzi nokusebenza kokupholisa ukuze kulinganiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukuphepha kwenhlanzeko kanye{2}}nezindleko zokunakekela isikhathi eside.