Ingabe Umbhoshongo Opholisayo Wesifunda{{0}Ovaliwe Weza Nephampu?​

Impendulo yokuthi ingabe umbhoshongo wokupholisa{0}ovaliwe wesekethe uza nepompo-eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ayiyona into elula ethi "yebo" noma "cha"; iboshelwe endleleni yokuklama yemishini kanye nendlela yokuhlanganisa isistimu. Eqinisweni, wonke-umbhoshongo wokupholisa wesekethe ovaliwe uncike empompini ukuze usebenze, kodwa ukhiye uwukuthi i-circulation loop iphampu isebenza kuyo. Ngaphakathi-kwesistimu yokupholisa yesekhethi evaliwe, kunezindlela ezimbili ezizimele zokuzungeza ezishintshanisa ukushisa ngodonga lweshubhu:

Ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi (ukujikeleza okuyinhloko): Kubhekelela okokusebenza kwenqubo yokupholisa, lapho uketshezi lwenqubo oluhlanzekile lugeleza ngamakhoyili avaliwe.

Ukujikeleza kwangaphandle (ukujikeleza kwe-spray): Kupholisa amakhoyili ngokufafaza nokuhwamuka kwamanzi ngaphakathi kombhoshongo.

Uma sibuza ukuthi "ukuthi iza nephampu," sibhekisela ngokukhethekile kwiphampu eyinhloko yomjikelezo-umthombo wamandla oyinhloko oshayela ukujikeleza okuyinhloko.​

Emakethe, ukuklama okuhlanganisiwe sekuyinto evamile, futhi imibhoshongo epholile eminingi emincane namaphakathi evalekile{1}}yeziyingi ihlanganisa nephampu eyinhloko ejikelezayo njengesakhi esijwayelekile esakhelwe{2}}ngaphakathi. Lo mklamo uhlanganisa iphampu, ithange lamanzi, amakhoyili, nefeni kube iyunithi eyodwa, okuqeda isidingo sokuthi abasebenzisi bakhethe futhi bafake izingxenye zangaphandle. Abasebenzisi badinga kuphela ukuxhuma amapayipi enqubo kanye nokuphakelwa kwamandla ukuze basebenzise isistimu, bathuthukise kakhulu ipulaki yesisetshenziswa-kanye-nokusebenza nokudlala kalula nokufaka. Lo mklamo ulungele ikakhulukazi izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezimisiwe{8}ezinkulu

Nokho, kumaphrojekthi-amakhulu noma akhethekile wezimboni, isimo siyahluka. Ukuze kucatshangelwe ukuguquguquka kwesistimu, ukunethezeka kokunakekelwa, nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, imibhoshongo evaliwe{2}}yokupholisa isekethe ingase ihlinzekwe ngaphandle kwephampu eyinhloko yomjikelezo. Kulesi simo, umbhoshongo uthathwa kakhulu njengeyunithi yokushintshisana ngokushisa okumsulwa, futhi onjiniyela baklama ngokuzimela futhi bafake amasethi epompo angaphandle ngokusekelwe kuzici zokumelana nayo yonke isistimu yenqubo{4}}okuhlanganisa ubude bepayipi, inombolo yezindololwane, nomehluko wobude bokufakwa kwemishini. Nakuba le ndlela ikhulisa inkimbinkimbi-yomklamo wesiteji wangaphambi kwesikhathi, ivumela ukufaniswa okunembayo kwekhanda lephampu nezinga lokugeleza, ukugwema ukumosheka kwamandla. Ukwengeza, lapho iphampu idinga ukulungiswa, ayithinti ukusebenza kombhoshongo wokupholisa ngokwawo

Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe-umbhoshongo wokupholisa wesekethe ovaliwe "ufika nephampu" empeleni kuwukuhweba{1}}phakathi "kokulunga okuhlanganisiwe" kanye "nokuthuthukisa okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo" okwenziwa abakhiqizi bemishini nabaklami bohlelo. Akusona isibaluli esigxilile kodwa ukulungiselelwa kokuzithandela okusekelwe ezimfuneko zohlelo lokusebenza. Lapho kukhethwa okokusebenza, abasebenzisi kufanele bacacise izidingo zabo zokulawula isistimu ngokunemba, izindleko zokufakwa, kanye{4}}namamodeli okunakekela isikhathi eside ukuze benze ukukhetha okufanele kakhulu.​

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kwezinqumo Zokukhetha: Uhwebo Oluphelele-kusuka kuzimfuneko kuye Ezindlekweni

Uma kunqunywa ukuthi ingabe umbhoshongo wokupholisa{0}ovaliwe wesekethe udinga-iphampu esetshenziswayo eyisisekelo, abasebenzisi kufanele badlulele ngale kombuzo ongaphezulu wokuthi "ukuba khona noma ukungabikho" futhi basungule{2}}uhlaka lokuhlola olunezinhlangothi eziningi.​

1. Ukumelana Nesistimu kanye Nokufana Kwezinga Lokugeleza

Ezimeni ezinokumelana okuzinzile kanye nezimfuneko zesilinganiso sokugeleza okukodwa (isb, amasistimu omoya omncane naphakathi{2}}osayizi omncane, imigqa yokukhiqiza yezimboni ezincane), eyakhelwe{3}}ngamaphampu alungiswa ngokusethiwe embonini ukuze afane ngokunembile nezimo zokusebenza ezilinganiselwe zemishini. Lokhu kugwema izinkinga ezifana "nokusebenza komthamo oweqile" (iphampu enkulu eshayela umthwalo omncane) noma izinga lokugeleza elinganele elibangelwa{5}}amaphutha okukhetha isayithi.​

Ngokuphambene,-izitshalo zamakhemikhali ezinkulu noma amasistimu esiqandisi anezinhlanganisela eziningi-ezihambisanayo eziningi ezibhekana nokumelana namapayipi okuthonywa izici eziningi (isb, i-viscosity emaphakathi, ibanga lokuhamba, inani lamavalvu) futhi angase adinge ukulungiswa kwezinga lokugeleza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amaphampu angaphandle angafinyelela ukujwayela okuguquguqukayo ngokusebenzisa amajika ekhanda enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokulawula ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa, athuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

2. Isu Lokugcina Izindleko Nezindleko Zokuvala

Amaphampu-akhelwe ngaphakathi anezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganisa nombhoshongo wokupholisa umzimba. Ukunakekela kudinga ukuvala wonke amathuluzi, okungase kuphumele ekulahlekelweni okuphezulu kokukhiqiza uma kusetshenziswa izixhumanisi zokupholisa ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo.

Amaphampu angaphandle, nokho, asebenzisa idizayini yepayipi elizimele. Ngokufaka amasethi epompo yokusekelayo, ukushintsha okungenamthungo kungafinyelelwa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwephampu eyodwa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesistimu okuqhubekayo. Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni zokupholisa zesikhungo sedatha, amaqoqo eseva anokubekezelela okuphansi kakhulu kweziphazamiso zokupholisa. Amaphampu angaphandle anedizayini ekabili-enokuphinda iphindeke umsebenzi asephenduke ukucushwa okujwayelekile komkhakha. Ukwethembeka kwesistimu okuthuthukisiwe okulethwa ukuguquguquka kokulungisa kukudlula kude utshalomali olwengeziwe{5}}lwezinto zokusebenza zesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi.​

3. Isikhala Sokufaka kanye Nezidingo Zokunwetshwa Kwekusasa

Amaphrojekthi amancane naphakathi{0}}avame ukukhawulelwa ngendawo yegumbi lomshini. Idizayini ehlangene yamaphampu{2}}akhelwe ngaphakathi yonga indawo ebalulekile yaphansi futhi yenza ukwakheka kwamapayipi kube lula.​

Ngokunwetshwa kwamandla amabhizinisi ahlelayo, amasistimu amaphampu angaphandle anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Ngokungeza amasethi ephampu nemibhoshongo yokupholisa epayipini lokuqala, isinyathelo{1}}nge{2}}ngesinyathelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okupholisa singafinyelelwa ngaphandle kokushintshanisa zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlanganisiwe, ukwehlisa kakhulu izindleko nobunzima bokulungiswa kamuva.​

Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuklanywa Kwephampu Yezimo Zokusebenza Ezikhethekile

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, izinkambu ezikhethekile zenze izidingo eziphakeme zokwakhiwa kwephampu{0}}yemibhoshongo yokupholisa evaliwe, eqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.​

1.{1}Izinga lokushisa Eliphezulu kanye{2}}Ne-Viscosity Medium Cooling​

Ezimeni ezifana nezinhlelo zokupholisa usawoti oncibilikisiwe embonini yensimbi, okwakhiwe ngokwesiko{0}}kumaphampu kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthutha ezimaphakathi ngenxa yemikhawulo yesikhala kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, amaphampu angaphandle{2}}azinikele ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu athuthukisiwe. Lawa maphampu asebenzisa{4}}izinga lokushisa eliphezulu-izinto ze-alloy ezingazweli kanye nezakhiwo zokuvala uphawu, okuvumela ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaphezu kuka-300℃. Ngaleso sikhathi, idizayini ezimele yamapayipi afakwe insimbi inciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuthutha okuphakathi, iqinisekisa ukupholisa kahle.

2. Ukuqhuma-Izindawo Zobufakazi Nezimoshayo

Ezimbonini ezifana namakhemikhali e-petrochemicals nemithi, ezakhelwe-ngamaphampu zibeka engcupheni enkulu yokuphepha uma izinjini nezingxenye zikagesi zichayeke ngokuqondile kumagesi avuthayo, aqhumayo, noma abolayo. Iphampu yangaphandle isetha ukuqhuma komhlangano-izindinganiso zobufakazi (isb, Ex d IIB T4 Ga) seziyisidingo. Izindlu zabo zezimoto zisebenzisa izakhiwo zokuvikela ukuqhuma-, futhi izingxenye zikagesi zithola ukwelashwa{8}} kokubola, okuvumela ukufakwa okuqondile ezindaweni eziyingozi. I-cooling tower body, nokho, ingabekwa ezindaweni ezingaphandle eziphephile futhi ixhunywe ngamapayipi{10}}abanga ibanga elide, iqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho yezokuphepha kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuzinza kokusebenza.​

3. Izidingo zokupholisa zeselula nezesikhashana

Okokupholisa kwezimo eziphuthumayo noma amaphrojekthi okwakha esikhashana, imibhoshongo yokupholisa yeselula evaliwe{0}enamaphampu{1}akhelwe ngaphakathi anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile. Lawa madivayisi ahlanganisa iphampu, ithange lamanzi, nombhoshongo wokupholisa ku-chassis ogudlukayo, ofakwe ijeneretha yedizili noma isixhumi esibonakalayo samandla aphathekayo. Akukho okuyinkimbinkimbi{4}}ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi esayithi okudingekayo, futhi isistimu ingafakwa, ilungiswe, futhi isetshenziswe emahoreni ambalwa, inikeze ukwesekwa kokupholisa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo.​

Umthelela Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Kumklamo Wephampu: Amathrendi ku-Intelligence kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile nokonga amandla{0}kulungise kabusha ukwakheka kwephampu yemibhoshongo epholile{1}evaliwe, kwafiphalisa imingcele evamile phakathi kwamaphampu{2}}akhiwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle futhi adale izixazululo eziyingxube ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.​

1. Intelligent Integrated Systems

Ukuvela kwamasistimu ahlanganisiwe ahlakaniphile ahlanganisa ukusebenziseka kwamaphampu-akhelwe ngaphakathi nokuguquguquka kwamaphampu angaphandle. Abanye abakhiqizi basungule "imibhoshongo yokupholisa eyi-modular evaliwe{2}}yeziyingi," esebenzisa idizayini yamaphampu{3}}akhelwe ngaphakathi namayunithi amamojula azimele. Imojula ngayinye ifakwe iphampu yokujikeleza eyinhloko ezinikele kanye nesistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile, evumela amamojula ukuthi aqalwe noma amiswe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokupholisa zangempela. Lo mklamo ugcina ipulaki-kanye{7}nenzuzo yokudlala yamaphampu akhelwe{8}ngaphakathi kuyilapho uzuza amandla okulungisa anyathelwe amaphampu angaphandle. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano zesimo somoya eziyinkimbinkimbi, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esistimu ngo-15% -20% ngokumatanisa okunamandla kwemithwalo yokupholisa.

2. Ukuduma Kokuguquguqukayo-Ubuchwepheshe Be-Frequency Drive​

Ukwenziwa kwaziwe kobuchwepheshe be-variable-frequency drive (VFD) buye bathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwamasistimu{1}}ahlomile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akhiwe-ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, amaphampu abhangqwe nezilawuli ze-VFD angalungisa isivinini sawo ngokusekelwe{4}}ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhathi sangempela kwezinto zokusebenza, ukugwema ukumosheka kwamandla okubangelwa-ukusebenza kwesivinini esingaguquki. Isibonelo, ezinqubweni zokubumba ipulasitiki, izidingo zokupholisa ziyashintshashintsha ngamaqoqo okukhiqiza kanye namazinga okushisa esikhunta. Amaphampu ashintshashintshayo-angakwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amazinga okugeleza ukuze azinzise izinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa phakathi kwebanga elingu-±1 degree, athuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuyilapho ehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wephampu ngaphezu kuka-25% ngonyaka.​

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Digital Twin Technology

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamawele edijithali kunikeza ithuluzi elisha lokuphatha-umjikelezo wempilo ogcwele wamasistimu{1}}ahlonyiswe. Ngokwakha amamodeli edijithali emibhoshongo yokupholisa kanye namasethi ephampu,{3}}ukulingiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwezimo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kungafinyelelwa, okuvumela ukuqagela kusenesikhathi kokuguga kwephampu nokulungisa imijikelezo ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka okungazelelwe. Isibonelo, kumasistimu okupholisa{5}esekhethi avaliwe emishini yamandla ashisayo, amaplathifomu angamawele edijithali angakwazi ukuhlaziya amaza okudlidliza kwephampu kanye nezinguquko zamanje ukuze zinqume ngokunembile amazinga okuguga nokuhlela ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi, zehlise izinga lokuhluleka kwemishini ngaphezu kuka-30%.​

Isifinyezo Sezincomo Zokukhetha: Isinqumo Esinamandla-Ukwenza Ngokusekelwe Ezimfuneko

Ukukhetha ukuthi{0}}umbhoshongo wokupholisa wesekethi ovaliwe kufanele uze nephampu empeleni kuyibhalansi phakathi "kokusebenza{1}}kwesikhathi esifushane" kanye "nevelu-yesikhathi eside." Abasebenzisi bangalandela lezi zinyathelo lapho bekhetha okokusebenza:

Cacisa Izidingo Eziyinhloko

Kumaphrojekthi amancane-anosayizi olinganiselwe anesikhala sokufakwa esilinganiselwe kanye nokubekezelela okuphezulu ukuvalwa kokulungisa: Beka kuqala okokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe ngephampu eyakhelwe-eyisisekelo ejikelezayo ukuze kwehliswe{2}}izindleko zesiteji kanye nobunzima bokufaka.​

Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu-ezimboni, amasistimu okukhiqiza aqhubekayo, noma amaphrojekthi anezinhlelo zokunweba zesikhathi esizayo: Khetha okokusebenza ngaphandle kwephampu eyakhelwe{1}futhi uyiqhathanise namasethi epompo angaphandle angokwezifiso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kwesistimu nokuthembeka.​

Linganisa{0}}Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wokuphila Ezigcwele

Ngale kwezindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini, cabanga{0}}izindleko zesikhathi eside ezifana nokusebenzisa amandla okusebenza, izindleko zokunakekela, nokulahlekelwa kokuvala. Isibonelo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kumaphampu angaphandle kungase kube phezulu ngo-10%-ngo-15% ngaphezulu kwalokho okwakhiwe-kumaphampu, kodwa ngokulawula i-VFD nokunakekelwa okuvumelana nezimo, izindleko zabo ezigcwele-zomjikelezo wokuphila zingancishiswa ngaphezu kuka-20% -okuwenza afanelekele ngokukhethekile amaphrojekthi anomjikelezo wokusebenza ongaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.​

Gxila Ekuhambisaneni Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ezimeni ezikhethekile (isb., amazinga okushisa aphezulu,{2}}izindawo ezinobufakazi bokuqhuma, izimo ezigqwalile), beka phambili ukuhambisana kobuchwepheshe bese ukhetha izixazululo zephampu ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokusebenza, kunokuba uphishekele izindleko eziphansi kuphela. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezinobufakazi bokuqhuma kwamakhemikhali-, ngisho namasistimu okupholisa amancane naphakathi{5}}nosayizi ophakathi adinga ukuqhuma kwangaphandle{6}amasethi epompo ukuze athobele imithetho yokuphepha.​

Reserve Space for Future Upgrades

Phakathi nesigaba sokuhlela iphrojekthi, cabangela ukunwetshwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo. Uma kukhona ukungaqiniseki, khetha okokusebenza kwe-modular noma amasistimu epompo angaphandle ukuze ugcine izindawo zokuhlangana ukuze zilungiswe kamuva, ugweme ukuphelelwa isikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokukhetha okungafanele.

Sengiphetha, akukho ukucushwa kwepompo "okungcono kakhulu" kwemibhoshongo epholile-yeziyingi ezipholisa{1}}kuphela "efaneleka kakhulu". Ngokuhlolisisa izidingo zabo, izimo zokusebenza, nezinhlelo{3}}zesikhathi eside, abasebenzisi bangenza izinqumo ezilinganisela umnotho, ukwethembeka, nokubheka phambili-okubheka phambili, okusebenzise ngokugcwele ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa{5}}kwemibhoshongo yokupholisa eyindilinga evaliwe ukuze inikeze ukusekela okuzinzile kwezinga lokushisa ekukhiqizeni nokuphila kwansuku zonke.